第四讲 如何做阅读理解题（二）
1、细节题
大纲对考生学会的阅读能力的第二条需要是：知道讲解主旨的事实和细节。也就是说大家在阅读一篇文章时，除去抓住文章的主旨和大意料之外，还需要弄清文中的一些要紧事实或细节，由于它们是作者得出结论或说明论点的依据。知道这类事实或细节能够帮助领会并确定文章的主题思想。
细节类题目在职称英语等级考试的阅读理解题中占的比率最大，涉及的内容也非常广，因此，大家在复习应考时，应注意在该类题目上多下功夫。细节题常出why, when, where, what, who等疑问词引导的句子提问。解答细节题的重点在于从问题中找出问题的关键字，即能表达问题所涉及内容的中心词，然后飞速在短文中用查读的办法找出关键字在短文中的地方，与包括所需信息的句子或短语，最后依据这类句子或短语做出正确的选择。
细节类题目容易见到提问形式有：
What causes...?
Why does the author mention...?
How many...?
where in the passage does the author describe...?
What time does the writer think is ...?
The author mentions that...?
The writer states...?
等等
对于这种题型，考生可以第一从问题中找到关键字，然后以此为线索，运用查读的办法到文章中探寻这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，从而保证对这一细节的正确理解，最后确定正确答案。
Let Them Watch It
One hot night last July, when our new baby wouldn't or couldn't sleep, I tried everything I could think of : a warm bottle, songs, and gentle rocking. Nothing would settle him. Guessing that I had a long night ahead of me, I brought a portable1 TV into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill off the hours until dawn. To my surprise, as soon as the TV lit up, the baby quieted right down, his little eyes, focused brightly on the tube. Not to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the actors celebrate John Bellushi's fortyfifth birthday. My wife and I heard no more of the baby that night, and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV himself.
I found in my baby's behaviour a metaphor2 for the new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students don't read, that they look down upon reading and scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however